The Future of Translation and Interpreting in the Digital World
Abstract
While technological development has had a horizontal and slow-moving curve for millennia, it has begun to form a fast-growing and rising curve, especially in the last 50-60 years, and is now being felt more seriously than ever in every aspect of our lives. Artificial intelligence was first on the agenda in the mid-1960s. As the technology at the time could not fully explain what artificial intelligence was and did not have sufficient technological infrastructure, research was halted and came back on the agenda in the early 2000s. With artificial intelligence entering our lives as a new term, people are now much better equipped.
Researchers who have based their studies of the translation process exclusively on the (human) translator and thus on the sociological, political and translation studies elements that feed the translator's background knowledge have, since the early 1990s, introduced many tools/products that contribute to the translation process by adapting simple artificial intelligence technologies. However, among the high-tech artificial intelligence products, the possibility of a post-translator (i.e. a translator beyond the human) who is involved in the translation process through his/her own actions has not been mentioned in detail. The function and role of the translator are changing today. This article explores the future of translators and translation in a rapidly digitising world.
Keywords Artificial intelligence, translation studies, translation profession, computer-assisted translation program
References
- Abbasi, T. and Abbasi, S.A. (2012) WQI-Generating Software and a WQI-Based Virtual Instrument. In: Abbasi, T. and Abbasi, S.A., Eds., Water Quality Indices, Elsevier, UK, 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-54304-2.00011-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-54304-2.00011-7
- Aydın, İ. H. & Değirmenci, H. C. (2018). Yapay Zekâ, İstanbul: Girdap Kitap.
- Bassnett, S. (2002) Translation Studies, Yayınevi nerede: Psychology Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203427460
- Boitet, C., Blanchon, H., Seligman, M., Bellynck, V. (2009). Evolution of MT with the Web. Researc Gate. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228523748
- Chambers, J. (2011). Digitalism: Towards a Theory of Digital Rhetoric and Composition. Erişim adresi: https://rc.library.uta.edu/uta-ir/bitstream/handle/10106/24752/Chambers_uta_ 2502M_11418.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Coban, F. (2015). Analysis and Training of the Required Abilities and Skills in Translation in the Light of Translation Models and General Theories of Translation Studies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 707-714. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.074
- Coskun, F., Gülleroğlu, H.D. (2021). Yapay Zekanın Tarih İçindeki Gelişimi ve Eğitimde Kullanılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 54(3), 947-966. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.916220 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.916220
- Çağatay, H. (2019). Yapay Zaka ve Tekillik: Telnolojik Tekillik. Metazihin Yapay Zeka ve Zihin Felsefesi Dergisi, 2(2), 231-142. Erişim adresi: Https://Dergipark.Org.Tr/Tr/ Download/Article-File/917341
- Dam, H.V., Zethsen, K.K. (2008). Translator status: A study of Danish company translators. The Translator, 14(1), 71-96. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288467986_Translator_Status_A_Study_of_Danish_Company_Translators DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2008.10799250
- Durdağı, A. N. (2020). Anlam-Anlama-Anlamlandırma Ekseninde Çeviri. Research Gate, ss. 201-202, Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348009316.
- Edwards, A. V. (2020). Dijital Her Şeyi Yok Ediyor: Robotlar, Büyük Veri ve Algoritmalar Geleceğimizi Nasıl Değiştiriyor, İstanbul: Siyah Kitap.
- Ersoy, H., Erkut, G. Ş. (2014). Kültür planlayıcısı olarak çevirmenin ve çevirini erek kültür/toplumda sosyal değişimlere etkisi ve bu bağlamda geliştirilmesi gereken devlet politikaları. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(33), 120-134. Erişim adresi: https://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=5916516360857953931
- Ersoy, H., Balkul, H. (2012). Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Çevirmen ve Çeviri Mesleği Açısından Olumlu ve Olumsuz Etkileri. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 7(2), 295-307. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akademikincelemeler/issue/1546/18997
- Ferreira-Alves, F. (2011). Job Perceptions, İdentity-Building and İnterpersonal Relations Among Translatsors As A Professional Group in Northern Portugal. Traductionet Ergonomie, 14, 2-13. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.4000/ilcea.1119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ilcea.1119
- Göktaş, N. (2014). Yorumlayıcı Çeviri Kuramından Çeviri Eğitimine: Yorumlayıcı Çeviri Yöntemi. Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift Für Germanistik, 2(2), 46-60. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/440552
- Gür, Y. E., Ayden, C., Yücel, A. (2019). Yapay Zeka Alanındaki Gelşimelerin İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimine Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 137-158. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fuuiibfdergi/issue/51484/668229
- Helm, J. M., Swiergosz, A. M., Haeberle, H. S., Karnuta, J. M., Schaffer, J. L., Krebs, V. E., ... & Ramkumar, P.N. (2020). Machine Learning and Artificial İntelligence: Definitions, Applications, and Future Directions. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 13, 69-76. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09600-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-020-09600-8
- Ili, M., Komissarov, V. N. (2016). Çeviride Dil ve Kültür: Paydaş Mı Yoksa Rakip Mi?. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 91-102. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/180185
- Kang, M. S., Shunmugam, K. (2014). The Translation Profession in Malaysia: The Translator’s Status and Self-Perception. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 14(3), 191-205. doi:10.17576/Gema-2014-1403-12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1403-12
- Katan, D. (2009). Translation Theory and Professional Practice: A Global Survey of The Great Divide. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 42, 111-153. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v22i42.96849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v22i42.96849
- Kızıltan, R. (2017). Tarihte Çeviri: Antik Çağdan 19. Yüzyıl Sonuna Kadar Edebi Çeviri Kuramları-1. Antik Çağdan Barok Çağın Sonuna Kadar. DTCF Dergisi, 40, 71-88. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2153089
- Kushchu, I. (2002). An Evaluation of Evolutionary Generalisation in Genetic Programming. Artificial Intelligence Review, 18(1), 3-14. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/article/ 10.1023/A:1016379201230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016379201230
- Melkumyan, S., Dabaghi, A. (2011). The Benefits Of Translation: With A Special Reference to The Armenian Translation of Five Short Stories By W. Saroyan. Asian Social Science, 7(10), 128. doi:10.5539/ass.v7n10p128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n10p128
- Neerincx, M.A. Lindenberg, J., Maanen, P.V. (2005). Integrating Human Factors and Artificial Intelligence in The Development of Human-Machine Cooperation. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/220834351
- Öztemiz, S., Özel, N. (2020). Dijital İnsani Bilimler Araçları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 60(1), 390-414. Doi: 10.33171/dtcfjournal.2020.60.1.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2020.60.1.19
- Öztürk, K., Şahin, M.E. (2018). Yapay Sinir Ağları ve Yapay Zekâ'ya Genel Bir Bakış. Takvim-i Vekayi, 6(2), 25-36. Erişim adresi: http://www.sloi.org/sloi-name-of-this-article
- Tellioğlu, B. (2018). Şiir çevirisi eleştirisinde çevrilebilirlik/çevrilemezlik ikiliğini aşmak. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (11), 192-213. doi: 10.29000/rumelide. 417493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.417493
- Tomaszkiewicz, T. (2010). Areas of Untranslatability in Audiovisual Transfers. Ł. Bogucki & K. Kredens (Éd.), Perspectives on Audiovisual Translation, Frankfurt/M, Berlin–Bern–Bruxells–New York–Oxford–Wien: Peter Lang, 93-106. doi:10.3726/978-3-653-004