Vol. 6 No. 31 (2018)

Translation

On the Topics and Style of Soviet Animated Films

Published 2018-12-30

  • Ülo Pikkov
Cilt 6 Sayı 31 kapak

Öz

Sovyet Animasyon Filmlerinde Üslup ve Tema

Bu makale Sovyet animasyon sinemasına dair bir çalışmadır ve Sovyet animasyon sinemasının biçimsel ve tematik rotasının gelişimini analiz etmektedir. Sovyet animasyon sineması bölgenin politik iklimindeki dalgalanmalarla senkronize bir biçimde ortaya çıkmış ve bu politik iklim tarafından doğrudan biçimlenmiştir. Sovyet animasyon sinemasının bazı akımları ve trendleri diğer Avrupa ülkelerindekiyle de benzerlik göstermektedir. Buna karşın, Doğu Avrupa, sinema eğitimi, etkinlikler, festivaller, yayınlar vs. dair profesyonel bölgesel bir ağla etkileşim içinde olan sinemacılar aracılığıyla film üretimi için tek bir pazar olarak işlev gösteren entegre bir kültürel alan oluşturmuştur. Başlangıçta deneysel ve post devrimci Rus animasyon sineması diğer Sovyet sanatları gibi Sosyalist Gerçekçilik söyleminin egemenliği altındaydı ve çocuklar için didaktik bir tür olarak hızlı bir biçimde kristalize olmuştu. Sovyetler Birliği Batı zihniyetinin ve yaşam biçiminin ideolojik olarak zıt kutbu olarak görülmesine rağmen Disney paradigması Sovyet animasyon sinemasının hem görsel stil hem de tematik kapsam anlamında başlıca esin kaynağı olmuştur. Sovyet animasyon sineması endüstrisi sanatsal özgürlüğü bir dereceye kadar tolere eden ve farklı animasyon film çalışmalarını az da olsa benimseyen farklı stüdyolara ve cumhuriyetlere doğru yayılma göstermiştir. Estonya, Letonya ve Litvanya gibi daha küçük cumhuriyetlerdeki stüdyolar özellikle Moskova’da üretilen filmlere nazaran ideolojik anlamda daha karmaşık filmler çekme konusunda direnç göstermişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler Disney, çizgi film, Sosyalist Gerçekçilik, animasyon, sinema

Abstract

This article provides a survey of Soviet animation and analyses the thematic and stylistic course of its development. Soviet animated film emerged and materialised in synch with the fluctuations of the region’s political climate and was directly shaped by it. A number of trends and currents of Soviet animation also pertain to other Eastern European countries. After all, Eastern Europe constituted an integrated cultural space that functioned as a single market for the films produced across it by filmmakers who interacted in a professional regional network of film education, events, festivals, publications etc. Initially experimental, post-revolutionary Russian animation soon fell under the sway of the Socialist Realist discourse, along with the rest of Soviet art, and quickly crystallised as a didactic genre for children. Disney’s paradigm became its major source of inspiration both in terms of visual style and thematic scope, despite the fact that Soviet Union was regarded as the ideological opposite of the Western way of life and mindset. The Soviet animation industry was spread across different studios and republics that adopted slightly varied production practices and tolerated different degrees of artistic freedom. Studios in the smaller republics, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in particular, stood out for making films that were more ideologically complicated than those produced in Moscow.

Keywords Disney, cartoon, Socialist Realism, animation, cinema

PDF (Turkish)

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