The Exploitation of Pragmatic Deviation in Literary Discourse
Abstract
Discourse reflects language use beyond the sentence level; it is embodied in the concrete realization of a set of oral or written sentences that may conform to the language norms or may deviate from them depending on the intentions and linguistic knowledge of the users. In fact, the application of pragmatic norms results in the production of appropriate sentences while the violation of these rules leads to the generation of infelicitous discourse caused by pragmatic deviance which represents a sort of linguistic innovation despite its reflection of inappropriate language use. Therefore, the present article deals with the issue of pragmatic deviation in literary discourse. First, it explains the significance of pragmatic deviance. Then, it discusses the exploitation of pragmatically motivated discourse deviation in literary texts through the analysis of sentences extracted from different novels. Finally, it lists the distinct effects produced by such a phenomenon on the readers and scholars. Generally speaking, this article attempts to uncover the contribution of pragmatic deviance to the richness of literary discourse and the variation of language use.
Keywords discourse, pragmatic deviation, exploitation, literary texts
References
- Angermeyer, Philipp Sebastian. Speak English Or What? Oxford: OUP, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199337569.001.0001
- Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Oxford: OUP, 2004.
- Bakhtin, Mikhail. Speech Genres and other Late Essays. Trans. Vern Mcgee. USA: The University of Texas Press, 1986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/720466
- Bowles, Hugo. Story Telling and Drama: Exploring Narrative Episodes in Plays. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/lal.8
- Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre ou les Mémoires d’une Institutrice [Jane Eyre or the Diaries of A Governess]. Trans. Lesbazzeilles Souvestre. Paris: CH. Lahure & Cie, 1859
- ——. Jane Eyre. London: The Penguin Group, 1847.
- ——. Jane Eyre. Trans. Maria von Borch. Berlin: Dearbooks ver Lag, 2016.
- Collins, Christopher. The Poetics of the Mind’s Eye: Literature and the Psychology of Imagination. USA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
- Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP, 1995.
- Danesi, Marcel. Language, Society and New Media: Sociolinguistics Today. New York: Routledge, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315100647
- Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1859.
- ——. David Copperfield. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1850.
- ——. Hard Times. London: The Penguin Group, 1854
- ——. Little Dorrit. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1857.
- Grice, H.P. ‘Logic and Conversation’, Cole, P. and Morgan, J. (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3. Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press, 1975. 41-58 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003
- Grosjean, François. Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism. USA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
- Gumperz, John. Discouse Strategies. Cambridge: CUP, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611834
- Hammer, Françoise. ‘Reading Molière’s The Learned Ladies. Remarks On (Im)Politeness’. Brigitte Bauer and Georges Jean Pinault (Eds.) Language in Time and Space. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2003. 153-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110897722.153
- Huddleston, Rodney. Introduction to the Grammar of English. Cambridge: CUP, 1984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165785
- Hymes, Dell. Language in Education: Ethnographic Essays. USA. Center for Applied Linguistics, 1980.
- Kachru, Braj. The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. USA: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
- Leech, Geoffrey. A linguistic guide to poetry. USA: Longman group Ltd, 1969.
- ——. Language in Literature: Style and Foregrounding. USA: Routledge, 2013.
- ——. Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman Group Limited, 1983.
- Mccarthy, Michael. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge: CUP, 1991.
- Moreno, Rosa Vega. Creativity and Convention: The Pragmatics of Everyday Figurative Speech. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.156
- Oksaar, Els. ‘Models of Competence in Bilingual Interaction’. William Mackey and Jacob Orustein (Eds). Sociolinguistic Studies in Language Contact: Methods and Cases. The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1979. 99-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110810752.99
- ——. ‘The History of Contact Linguistics as a Discipline’. Hans Goebe, Peter Nelde, Zdenek Stary and Wolfgang Wölck (Eds.). Contact Linguistics: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, 1996. 1-11.
- Schiller, Friedrich. ‘The Robbers’. Trans. Charles J. Hemple. Schiller’s Complete Works. Philadelphia: Kohler, 1861. 153-202.
- Simpson, Paul. Stylistics: A Resource Book for Students. London: Routledge, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203496589
- Smith, Carlota. The Parameter of Aspect. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7911-7
- Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair. London: The Penguin Group, 1877.
- Verne, Jules. A Journey to the Centre of the Earth. Trans. William Butcher. Oxford: OUP, 1998.
- ——. Voyage au Centre de la Terre [Journey to the Center of the Earth]. Paris: J. Hetzel, 1867.
- Wales, Katie. A Dictionary of Stylistics. USA: Routledge, 2011.
- Watson, Douglas. Relevance in Argumentation. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004.