Cilt 6 Sayı 31 (2018)

Araştırma Makalesi

Yüksek Gelir Düzeyine Sahip İİT Üyesi Ülkelerin İnsani Gelişme Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yayımlandı 30.12.2018

Cilt 6 Sayı 31 kapak

Öz

Gelir düzeyi refah seviyesinin ölçütü olarak yetersiz kaldığından, insanı ve yaşam kalitesini temel alan bir ekonomik kalkınma modeli üzerinde durulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu yüzden, kalkınma için insan eksenli ölçme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı (UNDP) tarafından 1990 yılından beri yıllık raporlar şeklinde yayınlanan İnsani Gelişme Endeksi ile bir ülkenin kalkınma boyutu, kişi başına düşen gelir, yaşam beklentisi, eğitim ve yoksulluğun boyutu da dâhil olmak üzere bir dizi göstergeler göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, İnsani Gelişme Raporlarından hareketle, kişi başına düşen geliri en yüksek 10 İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı (İİT) üyesi ülkenin insani gelişme performansını ve sahip oldukları zenginliği insani gelişme performansına ne kadar yansıtabildiklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Birleşmiş Milletler İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (İGE) yardımı ile bu ülkelerin yıllar içinde gösterdikleri performans, eğitim, sağlık ve refah düzeyleri gelişmekte olan ülkeler, OECD ve dünya ortalamasına göre ele alınmaktadır. Sonuçta, 6 en zengin İİT üyesi ülke en yüksek insani gelişme düzeyinde bulunurken 4 ülkenin yüksek insani gelişme düzeyinde bulunduğu, genel olarak OECD’nin ortalamasından daha düşük performans gösterdikleri ve GSMH artışını insani gelişmeye yeterince yansıtamadıkları görülmektedir. Seçilmiş sürdürülebilir kalkınma göstergeleri çerçevesinde bakıldığında, bu ülkelerin sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve çevreye yönelik hedeflere ulaşma performanslarının ise düşük olduğu ve bu konuda etkin politikalara ve iyileştirmelere gereksinim olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı, İnsani Gelişme, İnsani Gelişme Endeksi, Ekonomik Kalkınma

Abstract

The Evaluation of the Human Development Performance of the Rich Member Countries of OIC

Since the level of income was insufficient to measure the level of well-being, the focus has been on a model of economic development based on people and the quality of life. Therefore, human-based measurement techniques have been developed for the development. The Human Development Index, published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in its annual reports since 1990, is evaluated with a series of indicators, including the development dimension of a country, per capita income, life expectancy, education and poverty. Based on the Human Development Reports, this study aims to evaluate how the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) which have the ten highest per capita income reflect the human development performance and the richness they possess to human development performance. As a result, it is seen that the six richest OIC Member States were at the highest level of human development, with four countries with higher levels of human development, generally below the OECD average, and not adequately reflecting the growth of GNP for human development. Once studied in the framework of selected sustainable development indicators, it appears that the performance of these countries in terms of sustainable development and environmental objectives is low and that effective policies and improvements are needed in this regard.

Keywords Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Human Development, Human Development Index, Economic Development

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