Throughout the evolutionary process of textiles, humanity has developed knitting and weaving techniques that initially began with primitive methods, gradually incorporating artistic features into the textiles produced. Examples of such textiles, like the Pazyryk Carpet and later Tapestry carpets, represent stages along the path to fiber art. With the Industrial Revolution, machine production replaced these craft-based productions. This shift inevitably diminished the influence of handcrafted textiles to a great extent. The decline of craft production in textiles and the rise of industrial production led to the argument that industrialization distanced art from society, resulting in a lack of aesthetic refinement. In response, the idea of collaboration between industrial production and craftsmanship emerged. This concept materialized through movements such as the Arts and Crafts movement and later the Bauhaus School, giving rise to the notion of the designer-artist. From the second half of the 20th century onward, and particularly from the 1960s, there was a surge in the search for new forms of artistic expression. Artists, seeking greater freedom and stronger means of self-expression, turned not only to industrial materials but also to traditional techniques and materials. Both Arts and Crafts and Bauhaus textile artists focused on liberating their art by exploring the production techniques and material possibilities of textiles. This movement paved the way for Fiber Art from the 1960s onward. Some artists, taking advantage of the volumetric and textural properties of textiles, used traditional textile production techniques such as knitting, weaving, and felting as expressive tools in their art, creating three-dimensional sculptural applications.
Keywords: Textile, Bauhaus School, Sculpture Art, Arts And Craft, Knitting, Weaving, Felt